ERROR: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

ERROR: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/

[oracle@test ~]> cat config.c

/*  SS_DBA_GRP defines the UNIX group ID for sqldba adminstrative access.  */
/*  Refer to the Installation and User's Guide for further information.  */

/* IMPORTANT: this file needs to be in sync with
              rdbms/src/server/osds/config.c, specifically regarding the
              number of elements in the ss_dba_grp array.
 */

#define SS_DBA_GRP "oinstall"
#define SS_OPER_GRP "oinstall"
#define SS_ASM_GRP ""

char *ss_dba_grp[] = {SS_DBA_GRP, SS_OPER_GRP, SS_ASM_GRP};
[oracle@test ~]>








check in /etc/group if failed user has authentication or not

oinstall:x:511954:oracle ,applmgr,oemadmin

if above conditions are met and still issue persists then

cd  $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
ensure you have sqlnet.ora file